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Environmental impact of the coal industry
The environmental impact of the coal industry includes issues such as land use, waste management, water and air pollution, caused by the coal mining, processing and the use of its products. In addition to atmospheric pollution, coal burning produces hundreds of millions of tons of solid waste products annually, including fly ash,〔http://www.epa.gov/radtown/coal-plant.html〕 bottom ash, and flue-gas desulfurization sludge, that contain mercury, uranium, thorium, arsenic, and other heavy metals.
There are severe health effects caused by burning coal.〔
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(【引用サイトリンク】 Environmental impacts of coal power: air pollution )
〕 According to the reports issued by the World Health Organization in 2008 and by environmental groups in 2004, coal particulates pollution are estimated to shorten approximately 1,000,000 lives annually worldwide, including nearly 24,000 lives a year in the United States.〔
〕〔 Coal mining generates significant additional independent adverse environmental health impacts, among them the polluted water flowing from mountaintop removal mining.
Historically, coal mining has been a very dangerous activity and the list of historical coal mining disasters is a long one. Underground mining hazards include suffocation, gas poisoning, roof collapse and gas explosions. Open cut hazards are principally mine wall failures and vehicle collisions. In the United States, an average of 26 coal miners per year died in the decade 2005-2014.〔(Coal mining fatalities 1900-2014 ), US Dept. of the Interior, MSHA.〕
== Land use management ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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